Chapter 2 of Dodd and Oppenheimer -- Dodd and Oppenheimer on the U.S. House

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1. Realignment of the South into the Republican Party transformed the national agenda and made the House more Partisan.
   
   
   1. Democrats Control the House from January 1931 until January 1995 with the exception of only 4 years.
      
      
   2. Elections of 1946 and the Southern Democrats
      
      
   3. Election of John F. Kennedy in 1960 and Judge Smith of Virginia
      
      
   4. Elections of 1964 give the Northern Democrats permanent Control of the Congressional Democratic Party
      
      
   5. Civil Rights and the Realignment of the South
      
      
   6. Reforms of House Procedure in the early 1970s
      
      
2. Newt Gingrich and GOPAC in the late 1980s and early 1990s
   
   
3. The 1994 Elections and the 104^th House -- Czar Rule Returns
   
   
4. Narrow Majorities lead to Increasingly Hardball Tactics by the early 2000's
   
   
   1. Party Leaders Reward Loyal Members
      
      
   2. Manipulating the Rules -- Holding Roll Call Votes open for hours; scheduling late-night votes on Controversial Legislation
      
      
   3. Limiting Democratic Participation in the drafting of Legislation to a Bare Minimum
      
      
5. Polarization Continues to Increase.

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