POLI 100B CONGRESS
Fiorina's Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment Argument

1. Morris Fiorina's "Keystone" Argument -- Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment
   
   Democrats: 1946 - 2006 Seats vs. Votes
   Republicans: 1946 - 2006 Seats vs. Votes
   1972 Mayhew Graph
   1948 Mayhew Graph
   1960 Mayhew Graph
   Presidential Coattails -- Unimodal Distribution
   Presidential Coattails -- Bimodal Distribution
   1988 Mayhew Graph
   1992 Mayhew Graph
   2000 Mayhew Graph
   2000 Gore Vote
   Percent Marginal Districts: 1946 - 1998
   House Incumbency Advantage
   Senate Incumbency Advantage
   Congressional Staff
   Committee Staff
   Pages in the Federal Register: 1936-2001
   House Members Paid Trips to Their Districts
   Election-Year Congressional Mailings
   Figure 7.1: Local-National Effects Midterm House Elections
   Figure 7.2: Local-National Effects Presidential Year House Elections
   Campaign Expenditures Congressional Elections
   Soft Money Congressional Elections
   Summary
   
   
2. The Effect of Redistricting
   
   Fiorina rejected redistricting as an explanation of the "Vanishing Marginals" in his 1977 book but Cox and Katz in Elbridge Gerry's Salamander argue that redistricting was an important factor. Below is an example of why redistricting is important.
   
   Hypothetical State to be Redistricted
   First Republican Plan
   Second Republican Plan
   Democratic Plan
   
   California Districting 1992-2000
   California Districting 2002